The Vatican has released a new document challenging modern conceptions of gender identity. The 31-page teaching guidance, released on Monday, is titled Male and Female He Created Them. It speaks of an “educational crisis” and says the current debate can “annihilate the concept of nature” and destabilise the family institution. The document, released during Pride month, has drawn immediate criticism from LGBT groups. The document calls for dialogue, but issues guidance on a number of topics including the transgender community. Notably it criticises the modern understanding of gender as being more complex than the binary division of sexes. It says current theories “move away from nature” and instead “towards an absolute option for the decision of the feelings of the human subject”.